The pharmaceutical industry is a strategic sector bearing on national economy,development,and security.It represents one of the fields featuring highly active scientific innovation,fierce international competition,and high policy attention.Amidst profound adjustments in the global pharmaceutical landscape and the deep advancement of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,the 15th Five-Year Plan period marks a critical stage for China’s pharmaceutical industry to achieve high-quality development.This article systematically analyzes the characteristics and strategic positioning of the pharmaceutical industry,reviews the development landscape and trends of the global pharmaceutical industry,and objectively summarizes China’s current status of this industry in terms of industrial scale,innovation capability,industrial clustering,and internationalization.The study suggests that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,China’s pharmaceutical industry faces five major new situations—new strategic positioning,new market demands,emerging technologies,fresh growth drivers,and a reshaped industrial landscape,with opportunities outweighing challenges.To achieve high-quality development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,the industry should adhere to five principles:prioritizing scale-driven expansion to enlarge industrial footprint,boosting technological foundation to anchor innovation-led development,advancing business model innovation to foster new application scenarios,adhering to people-centered development to ramp up high-quality product supply,and optimizing the industrial ecosystem to refine supporting guarantee systems.

Objective To compare the imaging efficacy and patient tolerability of a novel cellulose-based oral contrast agent with a conventional starch-based agent in gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound,thus providing evidence-based support for clinical practice. Methods A prospective,single-center,double-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted,enrolling 100 healthy volunteers who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (cellulose-based agent,n=50) or the control group (starch-based agent,n=50).All examinations were performed by the same sonographer.The clarity of gastric wall layers,homogeneity of the contrast agent,and degree of bubble interference were scored.The time required for oral contrast intake was recorded,and a questionnaire was used to evaluate taste acceptability and subjective tolerability after the examination. Results Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups.There were no statistically significant differences in image quality scores for various gastric regions,contrast agent homogeneity,or bubble interference scores (all P>0.05).No significant difference was observed in oral contrast agent intake time (P=0.081).Neither taste acceptability (96% of participants in both groups scored≥2) nor subjective tolerability (92% in the experimental group vs. 82% in the control group scored≥3) showed significant between-group differences (P>0.05). Conclusions In gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound,the novel cellulose-based contrast agent shows no significant difference from the conventional starch-based contrast agent in terms of imaging efficiency and patient tolerability.With ready-to-use and easy-to-operate features,it holds significant potential for clinical adoption.

Objective To explore the consistency and clinical application value of transabdominal intestinal ultrasound (IUS) and computed tomography enterography (CTE) in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complicated with intestinal stenosis. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 115 patients diagnosed with IBD in Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from 2015 to 2024 and who underwent both IUS and CTE examinations during the same period.Clinical and imaging data were collected.Endoscopy was used as the gold standard to compare the detection,localization,and diagnostic efficacy of the two methods for intestinal stenosis and evaluate their consistency. Results A total of 115 patients (70 with Crohn’s disease,22 with ulcerative colitis,and 23 with unclassified IBD) were included.In the diagnosis of stenosis among all the IBD patients,the sensitivity of IUS (86.2%) was higher than that of CTE (66.7%),while the specificity of CTE (57.1%) was better than that of IUS (35.7%).The two methods exhibited poor consistency in diagnosing intestinal stenosis (κ=0.056),while they were consistent in identifying pre-stenotic dilation (κ=0.614) and localizing the affected intestinal segments (κ=0.691).The intestinal wall thickness values measured by CTE were systematically higher than those by IUS. Conclusions IUS and CTE have complementary values in the diagnosis of IBD complicated with intestinal stenosis.IUS with higher sensitivity is suitable for screening and long-term follow-up,and CTE with better specificity is suitable for comprehensive anatomical assessment.Clinically,the appropriate choice and application should be made based on specific scenarios and IBD subtypes.

Objective To investigate the value of super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) imaging in the diagnosis of American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4 and 5 thyroid nodules diagnosed by routine ultrasound examination. Methods This study prospectively included the patients who were scheduled for ultrasound-guided aspiration biopsy due to suspicious thyroid nodules found on routine ultrasound.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examination and SRUS analysis were performed to observe the enhancement characteristics of the nodules and conduct quantitative analysis.With pathological results as the gold standard,various quantitative parameters were compared between the benign and malignant groups. Results The benign group had higher peak intensity,microvascular ratios (VRs) during the peak and decay phases,mean density,mean blood flow,mean velocity,and perfusion index than the malignant group (all P<0.05).The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer based on the peak intensity of CEUS and the VRs during the peak and decay phases of SRUS were 0.76,0.80,and 0.76,respectively.The combined diagnosis utilizing all three parameters yielded an AUC of 0.80,with accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity all being 80.0%. Conclusion SRUS can quantitatively assess the microvascular distribution and circulation status within nodules,addressing the limitations of current ultrasound techniques and CEUS and providing accurate assistance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To assess the forensic application value of 59 InDel loci and two miniSTR loci in Chinese Kyrgyz group,and to explore the genetic structure and genetic background of this group. Methods A total of 99 Kyrgyz individuals were genotyped through the 64-plex panel,which was developed independently by our lab.Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated for the InDel loci and miniSTR loci included in the 64-plex panel.The application potential of these loci for full sibling identification was assessed by simulating 5 000 pairs of full siblings and unrelated individuals,respectively,via Familias v3 software.Additionally,various population analysis methods were employed to systematically explore the genetic relationships among the Kyrgyz group and 35 reference populations from five continents. Results The average polymorphism information content of the 59 InDel loci and two miniSTR loci in the Kyrgyz group were 0.365 1 and 0.753 6,respectively.The cumulative discrimination power and cumulative probability of exclusion of the 61 loci mentioned above were 1-1.928 4×10^-27 and 0.999 996 539 2,respectively.When the likelihood threshold was set at 100,the accuracy of this panel in distinguishing full siblings from unrelated individuals reached 93.93%.The results of population genetic analyses indicated that the Kyrgyz group had the mixed genetic components of East Asian and European populations,and was genetically closer to the East Asian populations,particularly the Mongolian group. Conclusions The 59 InDel loci and two miniSTR loci show high forensic application value in individual identification and parentage testing and demonstrate certain application potential in full sibling relationship identification.Meanwhile,the results further reveal the mixed East Asian-European genetic background of the Kyrgyz group.This study enriches the genetic resource information on Chinese ethnic minorities and provides basic data to support forensic practice.

Objective To investigate the pathological mechanism by which fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exacerbates asthma,with a focus on SQSTM1/p62-mediated mitophagy,and to evaluate the regulatory and therapeutic potential of dusquetide in this process. Methods A house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma model was established with 6- to 8-week-old female C57BL/6 mice,which were then exposed to PM_2.5.Control,HDM,HDM+PM_2.5 (HP),and intervention (HP+Mdivi-1 and HP+dusquetide) groups were established.Airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed through whole-body plethysmography,and airway inflammation and mucus secretion were evaluated by HE and PAS staining.Immunofluorescence assay was employed to detect the co-localization of TOMM20 and LC3B.Key factors were screened and validated by LC-MS/MS-based mitochondrial proteomics. Results PM_2.5 exposure enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness (P<0.01),exacerbated inflammation and mucus secretion (P<0.01),and increased TOMM20 and LC3B co-localization signals (P<0.01) in HDM-sensitized mice.Mdivi-1 inhibition of mitophagy reduced inflammation (P<0.01).Mitochondrial proteomics identified SQSTM1/p62 as a core regulatory factor,whose expression was up-regulated after PM_2.5 exposure (P<0.01).Dusquetide intervention inhibited SQSTM1/p62 function and mitophagy (P<0.01),reduced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice of the HP group (P<0.01),and alleviated inflammatory manifestations (P<0.01). Conclusion PM_2.5 exacerbates HDM-induced asthma pathology by activating SQSTM1/p62-mediated mitophagy,while dusquetide effectively alleviates this process,demonstrating the potential as a therapeutic target for PM_2.5-related asthma.

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adolescents in Luzhou city and propose intervention strategies from multiple dimensions to provide an evidence-based basis for optimizing SRH education for adolescents. Methods From November to December 2024,a multi-stage sampling method was employed to include 2 377 adolescents from vocational high schools,junior colleges,and universities in Luzhou city,and a self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted.Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of the knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors regarding SRH among adolescents. Results The average ages of menarche and nocturnal emission in sexual development among adolescents in Luzhou City were (12.33±1.22) years old and (12.73±1.88) years old,respectively.The reported prevalence rates of sex-related behaviors were as follows:viewing pornographic materials (37.8%),masturbation (31.0%),kissing (21.5% among heterosexual individuals and 3.5% among homosexual individuals),and sexual intercourse (2.6% among heterosexual individuals and 0.4% among homosexual individuals).The good rates of knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors regarding SRH among adolescents were 45.0%,49.3%,and 33.2%,respectively.The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents in universities had higher good rates of knowledge (OR=3.10),attitudes (OR=2.20),and behaviors (OR=1.41) regarding SRH than those in vocational high schools or junior colleges.The adolescents from original (OR=1.69) and single-parent families (OR=1.54) had higher good rates of SRH attitudes than those from reconstituted families.Compared with adolescents whose mothers had the education background of junior college/university or higher,those whose mothers had the education background of senior high school/technical school/technical secondary school (OR=0.55 and OR=0.51),junior high school (OR=0.54 and OR=0.49),primary school or lower (OR=0.48 and OR=0.48) showed decreased good rates of knowledge and behaviors regarding SRH.Compared with adolescents from families with poor economic conditions,those from families with moderate (OR=1.43) and good (OR=1.49) economic conditions had increased good rates of SRH knowledge.The good rate of SRH knowledge among adolescents who had received school-based sex education was higher (OR=1.56).The good rates of attitudes (OR=1.38) and behaviors (OR=1.79) regarding SRH among adolescents who had participated in peer discussions were higher.The good rates of knowledge (OR=1.81),attitudes (OR=1.61),and behaviors (OR=2.24) regarding SRH among adolescents who had received peer education were higher (all P<0.05). Conclusions The knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors of SRH among adolescents in Luzhou City are at a low level,with the behavioral level lagging significantly.There are significant differences among different groups.It is necessary to strengthen sex education in vocational high schools,optimize peer education,enhance the communication effectiveness of parents,and construct a multi-dimensional coordinated intervention strategy covering micro,meso,and macro levels for SRH to promote the transformation of sexual health behaviors.

Objective To investigate the associations between metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of developing sarcopenia among middle-aged and older Chinese adults,and further examine the potential moderating roles of age and sex in the associations. Methods On the basis of the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2011—2012,a total of 7 421 participants aged 45 years and older were enrolled in this study.Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2019 criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.According to the body mass index and overall metabolic status,the participants were classified into four metabolic obesity phenotypes:metabolically healthy normal weight,metabolically healthy overweight/obesity,metabolically unhealthy normal weight,and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO).A multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to assess the association between each metabolic phenotype and the risk of sarcopenia.Stratified analyses were performed by sex and age groups,accompanied by heterogeneity testing.Additionally,Bayesian statistical methods were utilized to verify the reliability and robustness of the findings,particularly within the older age subgroup. Results The analysis revealed a significant moderating effect of age on the association between MUOO and sarcopenia risk.Specifically,among individuals younger than 60 years old,those with MUOO exhibited a significantly elevated risk of sarcopenia (OR=1.56,95%CI=1.03-2.37).This association was further supported by Bayesian analysis,which confirmed the consistency and robustness of the observed trend in the older age group.Stratified analyses by both sex and age uncovered notable heterogeneity:MUOO was identified as a significant risk factor for sarcopenia among men under 60 years old (OR=2.01),whereas it was associated with a significantly lower risk of sarcopenia among women aged 75 years and older (OR=0.13). Conclusions The association between MUOO and sarcopenia risk is markedly influenced by both age and sex.Middle-aged men with MUOO show increased susceptibility to sarcopenia,while MUOO may exert a potential protective effect among older women.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating metabolic status,age,and sex into the design of sarcopenia prevention and management strategies,advocating for personalized precision interventions.