The rapid iteration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools is propelling medical research into a new phase characterized by human-AI collaboration.In the course of this process,AI has evolved from an external instrument into a functional component embedded within research workflows.As the collaborative boundary between human researchers and AI becomes increasingly ambiguous,governance challenges have grown increasingly salient.Concurrently,there remains a lack of internationally harmonized standards for the declaration of AI-assisted content,giving rise to notable disclosure gaps and implementation disconnects both domestically and abroad.To address these issues,the Professional Committee of Medical Journals of the Society of China University Journals assembled a multidisciplinary expert team covering fields such as medicine,biostatistics,epidemiology,medical ethics,scientific journal editing,and medical AI technology.Employing a modified Delphi method,the team conducted three rounds of online surveys and two consensus meetings.Drawing upon evidence from policy surveys of 1 692 medical journals,position statements from international organizations such as the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors,AI policy texts from the world’s major academic publishers (Elsevier,Springer Nature,Wiley,Taylor & Francis,SAGE,etc.),and comparative studies on AI detection tool performance,the team ultimately formulated ten recommendations addressing core issues in medical publishing.This guidance emphasizes the core principles of transparent disclosure,human accountability,risk stratification,and technology-assisted oversight,aiming to fully harness the benefits of AI technology while upholding the bottom line of academic integrity.It provides a systematic framework for the standardized disclosure of human-AI collaboration content in medical research and offers actionable normative guidance for researchers,journal editors,peer reviewers,and academic institutions.

Objective To construct a novel carrier-free nanovaccine to trigger a strong anti-tumor immune effect in the body. Methods The Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) was covalently conjugated with mucin 1 (MUC1)-targeting amino acid motif (Maa) to form MPLA-Maa monomer molecules.Subsequently,MPLA-Maa was self-assembled with Leu-His modified MUC1 polypeptide (LMP) to construct the nanovaccine system (MAP NVs). Results MAP NVs exhibited a particle size of (169.85±4.05) nm,a polydispersity index of 0.308±0.021,and the Zeta potential of (-19.10±1.00) mV,and remained stable in vitro for over 10 days.Cell experiments showed that the nanovaccine significantly promoted dendritic cell maturation and activation and promoted tumor necrosis factor-α secretion.In the B16-MUC1 melanoma model,MAP NVs demonstrated remarkable antitumor effects,significantly inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice.Mechanism analysis further revealed that MAP NVs effectively activated T cell immune response,promoted the proliferation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells,and induced the production of CD8⁺ central memory T cells.After antigen restimulation,the secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were significantly elevated,which indicated long-lasting immune memory. Conclusions A carrier-free spherical peptide nanovaccine based on the co-delivery strategy of MPLA and LMP was successfully constructed.By promoting dendritic cell activation and enhancing T cell immune response,this system exhibits significant antitumor activity and long-lasting immune memory effect.This study provides a new technical approach and an experimental basis for developing nanovaccines against tumors.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the traditional Chinese herbal formula YA3D3 on cognitive impairment and cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and to determine whether these effects are mediated by up-regulation of the autophagy-related gene 14 (ATG14). Methods Network pharmacology was employed to predict YA3D3 targets.Total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity were measured in vitro.BV2 microglial cells were infected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus targeting ATG14 (designated as sh-ATG14) and then treated with 0.5 mg/mL of either water-extract (YA3D3-HF) or fermented (YA3D3-MHF) preparation for 24 h.The expression levels of ATG14 and downstream ATG16L1 were assessed by qPCR and Western blot.Sixty-four 3-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were randomly allocated to eight groups (n=8):APP/PS1 model,donepezil,low-,medium-,and high-dose YA3D3-HF,and low-,medium-,and high-dose YA3D3-MHF.All the drugs were administered ad libitum in drinking water for 90 days.Spatial learning and memory were evaluated through the Morris water maze.Cerebral Aβ deposition was quantified by immunofluorescence.Autophagy-related gene expression in the brain tissue was analyzed by qPCR. Results Network pharmacology indicated significant enrichment of YA3D3 targets in autophagy and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways.YA3D3-MHF showed stronger antioxidant activity than YA3D3-HF in vitro (P<0.001).In BV2 cells,both preparations reversed ATG14 knock-down-induced down-regulation in the expression of ATG14 and ATG16L1,with YA3D3-MHF being more potent (P=0.003).The animal experiment showed that all the YA3D3 groups exhibited shorter escape latency and more platform crossings than the APP/PS1 model group (all P<0.05),along with reduced Aβ fluorescence intensity (all P<0.001).The efficacy of high-dose YA3D3-MHF was similar to that of donepezil.qPCR confirmed that YA3D3 up-regulated the expression of ATG14 and modulated the expression of downstream autophagy-related genes in the brain tissue (all P<0.05). Conclusions The traditional Chinese herbal formula YA3D3 may up-regulate the expression of ATG14 to slow down Aβ deposition and ameliorate cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice,serving as a potential candidate for Alzheimer’s disease intervention.It should be noted that this study has not directly verified the necessity of ATG14 in vivo,and the causal relationship between the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of YA3D3 and the up-regulation of ATG14 requires further confirmation.In addition,this study only verifies the expression regulation of autophagy-related molecules and does not confirm the enhancement of autophagy flux.

Objective To investigate the effect of polyphyllin I on MCF-7 spheroids enriched with cancer stem cells and to preliminarily observe its effect on the hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state and its regulatory role on cell stemness. Methods MCF-7 spheroids were cultured under serum-free,non-adherent conditions.Cell viability,invasion,and key protein expression were assessed through the cell counting kit-8 assay,Transwell assay,and Western blot,respectively.The CD44⁺/CD24^-/low cell population was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The MCF-7 spheroids exhibited high proliferative and invasive capacities,co-expressing the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the mesenchymal marker vimentin,which is indicative of a hybrid EMT state and high stemness.Polyphyllin I treatment significantly suppressed the viability and invasion of MCF-7 spheroids.From a mechanism perspective,polyphyllin I downregulated the E-cadherin/vimentin ratio,significantly reduced the levels of stemness-associated proteins CD44 antigen,aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1,as well as the ratio of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 to total signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.Simultaneously,polyphyllin I decreased the proportion of CD44⁺/CD24^-/low cells.No significant changes were observed in key proteins of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Conclusions Polyphyllin I reshapes the hybrid EMT state in MCF-7 spheroids,which is accompanied by the disruption of their high stemness equilibrium.This compound may reduce cellular stemness through the EMT remodeling process,thereby exerting antitumor effects,and this mechanism is independent of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

Objective To explore the short-term and long-term effects of caregiving quality on the psychological and behavioral development among children aged 0-3 years. Methods A prospective study design was adopted,and 220 vulnerable children aged 0-3 years and their primary caregivers were recruited from child care facilities and community healthcare service centers in two districts of Shanghai by stratified cluster sampling.Baseline and one-year follow-up surveys were conducted.Chi-square tests and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the effects of responsive caregiving and parenting behaviors on the psychological and behavioral development of children. Results Children whose caregivers with poorer respect for children’s autonomy (OR=0.869,95%CI=0.583-0.920,P=0.031) and poorer caregiving support (OR=0.779,95%CI=0.464-0.912,P=0.020) at baseline had a higher risk of developmental delay in the problem-solving domain.In addition,reduced social stimulation in caregiving was linked to a higher risk of developmental delay in the communication domain (OR=0.885,95%CI=0.852-0.963,P=0.032).Insufficient caregiving support received by parents increased the risk of fine-motor developmental delay in children (OR=0.794,95%CI=0.653-0.952,P=0.043).Children who already exhibited developmental delay in communication,fine motor,problem-solving,or personal-social domain at baseline were more likely to experience delay in the same domain at the one-year follow-up (communication:OR=5.988,95%CI=2.344-14.502,P<0.001;fine motor:OR=5.618,95%CI=1.690-22.241,P<0.01;problem-solving:OR=15.152,95%CI=1.854-44.841,P=0.004;personal-social:OR=2.525,95%CI=1.041-6.340,P=0.041).In contrast,children with normal development at baseline demonstrated substantially lower risks of subsequent developmental delay. Conclusion Early caregiving quality has an immediate effect on children’s psychological and behavioral development,and it continues to influence later development through affecting developmental outcomes.

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of knowledge,attitudes,and practice of childhood sexuality education among parents in Xichang city,thus providing a basis for improving the current situation of childhood sexuality education and promoting related work of family sexuality education. Methods Through cluster random sampling,8 kindergartens were selected in Xichang city,Sichuan province.A self-designed questionnaire on parents’ knowledge,attitudes,and practice of childhood sexuality education was used to conduct an anonymous survey on parents of young children who were selected from the kindergartens.The data were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression model. Results The rates of knowledge awareness,positive attitude,and good practice among the 1 496 parents were 3.9%,32.0%,and 36.6%,respectively,and the overall good rate of knowledge,attitudes,and practice was 22.9%.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that parents who were of Han ethnicity (OR=1.73,95%CI=1.17-2.56,P=0.006),whose children were female (OR=2.16,95%CI=1.51-3.11,P=0.019),who believed that sexuality education should be the responsibility of parents (OR=2.42,95%CI=1.57-3.73,P<0.001),who had communicated with family and friends about childhood sexuality education (OR=2.95,95%CI=2.22-3.92,P<0.001),and who had conducted sexuality education for their children themselves (OR=1.81,95%CI=1.37-2.40,P<0.001) had higher overall good rates of knowledge,attitudes,and behavior in childhood sexuality education. Conclusions Parents generally have low rates of knowledge awareness,positive attitudes,and good practice and a low overall good rate of knowledge,attitudes,and practice regarding childhood sexuality education.Relevant departments should attach importance to childhood sexuality education,with a particular focus on parents of ethnic minorities and those who have not carried out childhood sexuality education.They should intensify publicity and training efforts to enhance parents’ level of sexuality education,change their attitudes towards sexuality education,and promote the development of family sexuality education.

Objective To explore the value of thyroid lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (LCEUS) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods Patients who were suspected of having thyroid cancer by ultrasound and were planned to undergo puncture biopsy or surgery from November 2020 to June 2024 were prospectively enrolled.All the patients underwent conventional ultrasound and LCEUS before surgery.The enhancement characteristics within the nodules,around the nodules,and in the adjacent thyroid capsule were observed and recorded.With the pathological results as the gold standard,the above characteristics were compared between the benign and malignant groups. Results A total of 144 (37 benign and 107 malignant) nodules in 144 patients were finally included.The inter-observer consistency of each LCEUS index was excellent (Kappa value:0.84-0.93).Compared with benign nodules,malignant nodules were more likely to show non-enhancement (88.79% vs. 18.92%,P<0.001),an enlarged lesion area after contrast injection (60.75% vs. 18.92%,P<0.001),and irregular ring-shaped enhancement (49.53% vs. 10.81%,P<0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of LCEUS in diagnosing malignant nodules were 97.20%,75.68%,and 91.67% respectively.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.864,higher than that (0.761) of conventional ultrasound (P<0.001). Conclusions By revealing the lymphatic perfusion characteristics inside and around the nodules,LCEUS shows excellent efficacy in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.LCEUS exhibits significantly better specificity and overall diagnostic ability than conventional ultrasound,demonstrating important clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and the risk of sarcopenia in older Chinese men. Methods This study was based on the baseline data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,including 1 849 men aged≥60 years.Missing data were handled through multiple imputation.Participants were categorized into quartiles of NHHR (Q1-Q4).Multivariable Logistic regression models were constructed with stepwise adjustment for demographic factors,lifestyle,chronic diseases,and body mass index (BMI) to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95%CI.Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to examine potential non-linear associations.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses (with possible sarcopenia as an alternative outcome) were performed. Results NHHR was significantly and inversely associated with sarcopenia.In models without BMI adjustment,the highest NHHR quartile (Q4) showed a lower risk of sarcopenia than the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR=0.199,95%CI=0.112-0.338,P<0.001).However,the association was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (OR=0.403,95%CI=0.220-0.709,P=0.002;the OR for each 1-standard-deviation increase in NHHR was approximately 0.680).Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear association (P_overall<0.001,P_non-linear=0.793).In sensitivity analyses,NHHR remained significantly and inversely associated with possible sarcopenia.The fully adjusted model showed that the risk of possible sarcopenia was lower in the Q4 group than in the Q1 group (OR=0.613,95%CI=0.404-0.924,P=0.020),and each 1-standard-deviation increase in NHHR was associated with a reduced risk of possible sarcopenia (OR=0.849,95%CI=0.728-0.987,P=0.034).Subgroup analyses showed that the inverse association between NHHR and sarcopenia risk was directionally consistent across strata of age,smoking,drinking,and hypertension,while the association in the diabetes subgroup did not reach statistical significance,possibly owing to the limited sample size (OR=0.46,95%CI=0.16-1.37,P=0.164). Conclusions NHHR is inversely associated with sarcopenia risk among older Chinese men,while this association is substantially attenuated after adjustment for BMI,suggesting it may be largely confounded by body size or obesity-related factors.These findings should be interpreted with caution,and future longitudinal studies incorporating direct muscle mass measurements,such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis,are warranted to clarify the independent role of NHHR in sarcopenia.